OOPs: Polymorphism, Abstraction and Package interview questions

53) What is Runtime Polymorphism?

Runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch is a process in which a call to an overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than at compile-time.

In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference variable of a super class. The determination of the method to be called is based on the object being referred to by the reference variable.

54) Can you achieve Runtime Polymorphism by data members?

No.

55) What is the difference between static binding and dynamic binding?

In case of static binding type of object is determined at compile time whereas in dynamic binding type of object is determined at runtime.

56) What is abstraction?

Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the user.

Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.

57) What is the difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction hides the implementation details whereas encapsulation wraps code and data into a single unit.

58) What is abstract class?

A class that is declared as abstract is known as abstract class. It needs to be extended and its method implemented. It cannot be instantiated.

59) Can there be any abstract method without abstract class?

No, if there is any abstract method in a class, that class must be abstract.

60) Can you use abstract and final both with a method?

No, because abstract method needs to be overridden whereas you can't override final method.

61) Is it possible to instantiate the abstract class?

No, abstract class can never be instantiated.

62) What is interface?

Interface is a blueprint of a class that have static constants and abstract methods.It can be used to achieve fully abstraction and multiple inheritance.

63) Can you declare an interface method static?

No, because methods of an interface is abstract by default, and static and abstract keywords can't be used together.

64) Can an Interface be final?

No, because its implementation is provided by another class.

65) What is marker interface?

An interface that have no data member and method is known as a marker interface.For example Serializable, Cloneable etc.

66) What is difference between abstract class and interface?

67) Can we define private and protected modifiers for variables in interfaces?

No, they are implicitly public.

68) When can an object reference be cast to an interface reference?

An object reference can be cast to an interface reference when the object implements the referenced interface.

69) What is package?

A package is a group of similar type of classes interfaces and sub-packages. It provides access protection and removes naming collision.

70) Do I need to import java.lang package any time? Why ?

No. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.

71) Can I import same package/class twice? Will the JVM load the package twice at runtime?

One can import the same package or same class multiple times. Neither compiler nor JVM complains about it.But the JVM will internally load the class only once no matter how many times you import the same class.

72) What is static import ?

By static import, we can access the static members of a class directly, there is no to qualify it with the class name.